![]() ![]() Where Democritus had suggested that emanations from future events could be sent back to the dreamer, Aristotle proposed that it was, rather, the dreamer's sense impressions which reached forward to the event. He accepted that "it is quite conceivable that some dreams may be tokens and causes " but also believed that "most dreams are, however, to be classed as mere coincidences.". Aristotle carried out an inquiry into allegedly prophetic dreams in his On Divination in Sleep. Such claims of seeing the future have never been without their sceptical critics. Oracles, originally seen as sources of wisdom, became progressively associated with previsions of the future. Since ancient times precognition has been associated with dreams and trance states as well as waking premonitions, giving rise to acts of prophecy and fortune telling. A poll in 2005 showed 73% of Americans believe in at least one type of paranormal experience, with 41% believing in extrasensory perception. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, many people still believe in precognition. Throughout history it has been believed that certain individuals have precognitive abilities, or that certain practices can induce such experiences, and these visions have sometimes been associated with important historical events. ![]() Those dreams which 'warn of impending danger or even prepare us for overwhelming good news" are considered the most important. Precognition has a role in Buddhism with dreams believed to be 'mind-created phenomena'. There are seven classifications of dream or 'swapna', in which those which become 'manifest' are called 'bhāvita'. Hinduism has a subsystem of psychology called Indian psychology with dreams believed to contain information about the future. In Judaism it is believed that dreams are mostly insignificant while others "have the potential to contain prophetic messages". When such an event occurs after a dream, it is said to have "broken the dream". Usually, a dream or vision can only be identified as precognitive after the putative event has taken place. Precognitive dreams are the most widely reported occurrences of precognition. Related activities such as predictive prophecy and fortune telling have been practised throughout history. It is distinct from premonition, which is a vaguer feeling of some impending disaster. Precognition is sometimes treated as an example of the wider phenomenon of prescience or foreknowledge, to understand by any means what is likely to happen in the future. Despite the lack of scientific evidence, many people believe it to be real it is still widely reported and remains a topic of research and discussion within the parapsychology community. Precognition has been widely believed in throughout history. Precognition violates the principle of causality, that an effect cannot occur before its cause. There is no accepted scientific evidence that precognition is a real effect, and it is widely considered to be pseudoscience. Precognition (from the Latin prae- 'before', and cognitio 'acquiring knowledge') is the purported psychic phenomenon of seeing, or otherwise becoming directly aware of, events in the future. "Complicated Premonition (Torso in a Yellow Shirt)" by Kazimir Malevich ![]()
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